Abstract Server-bek Atabekov-Koblianly (in Türkiye: Osman Server Bey Atabek) (1886-1962) played an important role in the socio-political history of the South Caucasus in the first half of the 20th century. This report is the first scientific study of his life and work in Azerbaijani historiography. Server-bek was born in Ahiska on July 25 (August 6), 1886 and died in Izmir on December 13, 1962. He is the son of Feyzullah-bek son of Ali-bek son of Ragib-bek son of Suleyman-bek from the Altunkala / Koblian branch of the Atabeys, who were Elbeys in Ahiska since 1267. His mother, Zeynab-khanum, is Professor Hussein-effendi Feyzkhanov from Ufa, a specialist in oriental languages at St. Petersburg University. Server-bek received his first education from Omer Faik Nemanzade, a prominent figure in the education of Azerbaijan. Then, having received higher education in Russia, Germany and Poland, he returned to his homeland in 1916. After the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, he organized national self-defense forces in the Azgur, Akhal-Kelek, Ahiska, Khyrtyz and Koblian regions to protect against attacks by Armenians and Georgians and, becoming the leader of the local Turks, headed these forces. In 1918, he was elected as a deputy of the Transcaucasian Sejm from the Ardahan Sanjak. In early March 1919, having organized the population of the region and received the support of Khalid Pasha, he began an armed struggle against the Georgians who occupied Ahiska and forced the Georgian troops to retreat from Ahiska and Azgur to Borjom. He was a member of the first convocation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye from Ardahan. Server-bek was a very close friend of Kazim Karabekir Pasha. In Türkiye, the most extensive and valuable article on Server-bek was written by Professor Fakhreddin Kırzıoğlu. His article served as the source for almost all subsequent works. In this report, we used documents we discovered in the St. Petersburg archives, which were not studied by the works of Azerbaijani and Turkish historians, a number of other sources, and corrected a number of errors in existing studies.
Keywords: Server-bek Atabekov-Koblianly (Osman Server Bey Atabek), Transcaucasia, Azerbaijan, Ahiska, Türkiye.