Abstract The article examines the main events and features of the formation of the Turkic tribal system and state, their territorial division, tribal organization and cultural features. In comparative terms, the tribal structure and regional history of the Turkic Khaganates as social units of the Turkic society, as well as their relationships with other neighboring states, are characterized. Therefore, when writing our article, we are trying to determine the place of the Turks in world civilization through scientific research by Turkologists. The article also examines the process of formation of the tribal structure of the ancient Turks, its evolution and features in different historical periods. The author analyzes written sources and the results of modern research in order to identify the main stages of the formation and transformation of the Turkic tribes. At the same time, attention is paid to the geographical distribution of the Turkic tribes, their tribal characteristics, as well as the socio-economic conditions that contributed to their formation. Migration processes and relationships with neighboring peoples are described, which allows us to better understand the dynamics of the ethnogenesis of the Turkic peoples.
Key words: ancient Turks, tribal organization, Orkhon-Yenisei monuments, Khaganate, civilization.